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202852 https://hdl.handle.net/2286/R.2.N.202852 Torres, P. J., & Kahveci, Y. E. (2025). Effectiveness of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in language teaching. Computers and Education: Artificial Intelligence, 9, 100522. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.caeai.2025.100522 http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/ open access http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0 2025 2025-12-01 1 PDF (12 pages) Instructional and educational works Text eng Torres, Peter Joseph Kahveci, Yunus Emre External DOI: 10.1016/j.caeai.2025.100522 This study examines the effectiveness of artificial intelligence (AI) in language teaching, particularly in English as a Foreign Language (EFL) classrooms, following AI’s increased adoption after the COVID-19 pandemic. Through a multilevel meta-analysis of 117 effect sizes across 46 empirical studies published between 2022 and 2025, results show that AI has a statistically significant medium-to-large overall impact on language learning (g = 0.74, 95 % CI [0.57, 0.92], p < .001) across all five major skills, with vocabulary showing the strongest effects, followed by reading, writing, listening, and speaking. Language and languages--Study and teaching Effect of technological innovations on Artificial intelligence--Educational applications Effectiveness of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in language teaching