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173824 https://hdl.handle.net/10776/2029 2010-07-01 eng Khokhar, Aroob Arizona State University. School of Life Sciences. Center for Biology and Society. Embryo Project Encyclopedia. Arizona Board of Regents open access http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/ On 20 January 2001, Republican George W. Bush was sworn in as the forty-third president of the United States, replacing Democrat William J. Clinton. During his eight years in office, Bush issued many executive orders, often altering previous policy. By signing Order 13435 on 22 June 2007, he changed how stem cell research would be performed in America. The Bush administration was influenced by its commitments to conservative ethical values when constructing this executive order; its goal was to expand stem cell research, but only in ways that did not involve the creation of, or damage to, a human embryo or fetus. This order was developed with the belief that pluripotent stem cells could be researched while still being respectful to human dignity and life. The four sections of Order 13435 provided strict guidelines for future stem cell research. Law Bush, George W. (George Walker), 1946- Stem Cells fetus Bush, George W. (George Walker), 1946- George W. Bush Executive Order 13455, June 2007