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173239 https://hdl.handle.net/10776/11441 2017-03-07 eng Gleason, Kevin M. Ross, Christian H. Arizona State University. School of Life Sciences. Center for Biology and Society. Embryo Project Encyclopedia. Arizona Board of Regents open access http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/ Hermann Joseph Muller conducted three experiments in 1926 and 1927 that demonstrated that exposure to x-rays, a form of high-energy radiation, can cause genetic mutations, changes to an organism's genome, particularly in egg and sperm cells. In his experiments, Muller exposed fruit flies (Drosophila) to x-rays, mated the flies, and observed the number of mutations in the offspring. In 1927, Muller described the results of his experiments in "Artificial Transmutation of the Gene" and "The Problem of Genic Modification". His discovery indicated the causes of mutation and for that research he later received the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1946. Muller's experiments with x-rays established that x-rays mutated genes and that egg and sperm cells are especially susceptible to such genetic mutations. X-rays Radiation Genetics Mutation Drosophila Mutagen Radiation, Ionizing Experiments Muller, H. J. (Hermann Joseph), 1890-1967 Columbia University/City University of New York University of Texas at Austin. University Research Institute Hermann Joseph Muller's Study of X-rays as a Mutagen, (1926-1927)