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172852 https://hdl.handle.net/10776/7566 2014-02-28 eng Tantibanchachai, Chanapa LaTourelle, Jonathan J. Arizona State University. School of Life Sciences. Center for Biology and Society. Embryo Project Encyclopedia. Arizona Board of Regents open access http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/ Vitamin A (retinol) is an essential vitamin in the daily functioning of human beings that helps regulate cellular differentiation of epithelial tissue. Studies have shown that an excess of vitamin A can affect embryonic development and result in teratogenesis, or the production of birth defects in a developing embryo. Excess intake of vitamin A and retinoids by pregnant women often results malformations to fetuses' skulls, faces, limbs, eyes, central nervous system. Additionally, doctors often use derivatives of vitamin A, known as retinoids, as medicine to treat a number of skin conditions and carcinomas, the most common form of human cancers. Retinoids Vitamin A in the body Teratogenicity testing Abnormalities, Human Teratogenic agents Embryos Central Nervous System Pregnancy Isotretinoin Etretinate Teratogens Vitamin A United States Food and Drug Administration Congenital Abnormalities Reproduction Retinoids As Teratogens