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172690 https://hdl.handle.net/10776/1743 2011-05-09 eng Doty, Maria Arizona State University. School of Life Sciences. Center for Biology and Society. Embryo Project Encyclopedia. Arizona Board of Regents open access http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/ Hilde Mangold, previously Hilde Proescholdt, was a German embryologist and physiologist who became well known for research completed with Hans Spemann in the 1920s. As a graduate student, Mangold assisted Spemann and together they discovered and coined the term the "organizer." The organizer discovery was a crucial contribution to embryology that led to further understanding of the pattern of embryo differentiation of amphibians. Mangold's dissertation was connected to Spemann's Nobel Prize, but Mangold died early in life and was unable to witness the impact her research had on experimental embryology. Organizers, Embryonic Biography differentiation Amphibians Mangold, Hilde, 1898-1924 Hilde Mangold (1898-1924) Hilde Proescholdt