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170654 https://hdl.handle.net/2286/R.2.N.170654 MDPI and ACS Style Vasconcellos, M.d.L.S.; Silva, L.R.G.; Lee, C.-S.; Fajardo, A.S.; Garcia-Segura, S.; Ribeiro, J. Dimensionally Stable Anode Based Sensor for Urea Determination via Linear Sweep Voltammetry. Sensors 2021, 21, 3450. https://hdl.handle.net/2286/R.2.N.170654 AMA Style Vasconcellos MdLS, Silva LRG, Lee C-S, Fajardo AS, Garcia-Segura S, Ribeiro J. Dimensionally Stable Anode Based Sensor for Urea Determination via Linear Sweep Voltammetry. Sensors. 2021; 21(10):3450. https://hdl.handle.net/2286/R.2.N.170654 Chicago/Turabian Style Vasconcellos, Maria de Lourdes S., Luiz Ricardo G. Silva, Chung-Seop Lee, Ana Sofia Fajardo, Sergi Garcia-Segura, and Josimar Ribeiro. 2021. "Dimensionally Stable Anode Based Sensor for Urea Determination via Linear Sweep Voltammetry" Sensors 21, no. 10: 3450. https://hdl.handle.net/2286/R.2.N.170654 10.3390/s21103450 http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/ open access http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 2021-05-15 12 pages eng Vasconcellos, Maria de Lourdes S. Silva, Luiz Ricardo G. Lee, Chung-Seop Fajardo, Ana Sofia dos Santos Garcia-Segura, Sergi Ribeiro, Josimar This project has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under the Marie Skłodowska-Curie grant agreement No 843870. This research was funded by Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior—Brasil (CAPES); Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa e Inovação do Espírito Santo (FAPES); Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq); Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo (UFES). This work was partially funded by the National Science Foundation (NSF) through the Nanotechnology-Enabled Water Treatment Nanosystems Engineering Research Center under project EEC-1449500. Urea is an added value chemical with wide applications in the industry and agriculture. The release of urea waste to the environment affects ecosystem health despite its low toxicity. Online monitoring of urea for industrial applications and environmental health is an unaddressed challenge. Electroanalytical techniques can be a smart integrated solution for online monitoring if sensors can overcome the major barrier associated with long-term stability. Mixed metal oxides have shown excellent stability in environmental conditions with long lasting operational lives. However, these materials have been barely explored for sensing applications. This work presents a proof of concept that demonstrates the applicability of an indirect electroanalytical quantification method of urea. The use of Ti/RuO2-TiO2-SnO2 dimensional stable anode (DSA®) can provide accurate and sensitive quantification of urea in aqueous samples exploiting the excellent catalytic properties of DSA® on the electrogeneration of active chlorine species. The cathodic reduction of accumulated HClO/ClO− from anodic electrogeneration presented a direct relationship with urea concentration. This novel method can allow urea quantification with a competitive LOD of 1.83 × 10−6 mol L−1 within a linear range of 6.66 × 10−6 to 3.33 × 10−4 mol L−1 of urea concentration. -- Abstract -- Introduction -- 1 Materials and Methods -- 2 Materials and Methods -- 2.1 Electrode Preparation -- 2.2 Sample Preparation -- 2.3 Physicochemical Characterizations -- 2.4 Electrochemical Characterizations -- 3 Results and Discussion -- 3.1 Physicochemical Characterizations of Ti/RuO2-TiO2-SnO2 -- 3.2. Electrochemical Characterizations -- 4 Conclusions -- References Text Urea Electrochemical electroanalysis Dimensionally stable anode based sensor for urea determination via Linear Sweep Voltammetry