2026-05-23T17:51:09Zhttps://keep.lib.asu.edu/oai/request

oai:keep.lib.asu.edu:node-1563152024-12-20T18:25:12Zoai_pmh:alloai_pmh:repo_items

156315 https://hdl.handle.net/2286/R.I.49172 http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/ All Rights Reserved 2018 vii, 97 pages : color illustrations Doctoral Dissertation Academic theses Text eng Kayser, Kirk Armbruster, Dieter Lampert, Adam Ringhofer, Christian Motsch, Sebastien Gardner, Carl Arizona State University Partial requirement for: Ph.D., Arizona State University, 2018 Includes bibliographical references (pages 90-92) Field of study: Applied mathematics Need-based transfers (NBTs) are a form of risk-pooling in which binary welfare exchanges<br/><br/>occur to preserve the viable participation of individuals in an economy, e.g. reciprocal gifting<br/><br/>of cattle among East African herders or food sharing among vampire bats. With the<br/><br/>broad goal of better understanding the mathematics of such binary welfare and risk pooling,<br/><br/>agent-based simulations are conducted to explore socially optimal transfer policies<br/><br/>and sharing network structures, kinetic exchange models that utilize tools from the kinetic<br/><br/>theory of gas dynamics are utilized to characterize the wealth distribution of an NBT economy,<br/><br/>and a variant of repeated prisoner’s dilemma is analyzed to determine whether and<br/><br/>why individuals would participate in such a system of reciprocal altruism.<br/><br/>From agent-based simulation and kinetic exchange models, it is found that regressive<br/><br/>NBT wealth redistribution acts as a cutting stock optimization heuristic that most efficiently<br/><br/>matches deficits to surpluses to improve short-term survival; however, progressive<br/><br/>redistribution leads to a wealth distribution that is more stable in volatile environments and<br/><br/>therefore is optimal for long-term survival. Homogeneous sharing networks with low variance<br/><br/>in degree are found to be ideal for maintaining community viability as the burden and<br/><br/>benefit of NBTs is equally shared. Also, phrasing NBTs as a survivor’s dilemma reveals<br/><br/>parameter regions where the repeated game becomes equivalent to a stag hunt or harmony<br/><br/>game, and thus where cooperation is evolutionarily stable. Applied Mathematics Economics Agent-based Simulation Game Theory kinetic theory repeated survivor's dilemma socio-economic modeling wealth redistribution Altruism--Mathematical models. Altruism The economics of need-based transfers