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150709 https://hdl.handle.net/2286/R.I.14732 http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/ All Rights Reserved 2012 ix, 118 p. : ill. (chiefly col.) Doctoral Dissertation Academic theses Text eng Kim, Hanseong Wachter, Rebekka M. Fromme, Petra Redding, Kevin E Arizona State University Partial requirement for: Ph.D., Arizona State University, 2012 Includes bibliographical references (p. 108-118) Field of study: Chemistry The green fluorescent protein (GFP)-like fluorescent proteins play an important role for the color of reef-building corals. Different colors of extant coral fluorescent proteins (FPs) have evolved from a green ancestral protein. Interestingly, green-to-red photoconversion FPs (Kaede-type Red FPs) are only found in clade D from Scleractinia (Faviina suborder). Therefore, I focus on the evolution of Kaede-type FPs from Faviina suborder ancestral FP. A total of 13 mutations have been identified previously that recapitulate the evolution of Kaede-type red FPs from the ancestral green FP. To examine the effect of each mutation, total ten reconstructed FPs were analyzed and six x-ray crystal structures were solved. These substitutions created a more hydrophilic environment around the carbonyl group of Phe61. Also, they increased the flexibility of the c-terminal chain, which keeps it from interacting with the entrance of the putative solvent channel. The photoconversion reaction shows a twophase kinetics. After the rapid initial phase, the overall reaction followed the firstorder kinetics. Based on the crystal structure analysis, I propose a new mechanism for Kaede-type FP photoconversion process, which a proton transfers via Gln38 to the carbonyl group of Phe61. Biochemistry Chemistry Fluorescent Protein GFP Kaede Photoconversion Fluorescent polymers--Analysis. Fluorescent polymers Proteins--Analysis. Corals--Physiology. Corals Color evolution of Kaede-type red fluorescent proteins