Cooling strategy for effective automotive power trains: 3D thermal modeling and multi-faceted approach for integrating thermoelectric modules into proton exchange membrane fuel cell stack

Current hybrid vehicle and/or Fuel Cell Vehicle (FCV) use both FC and an electric system. The sequence of the electric power train with the FC system is intended to achieve both better fuel economies than the conventional vehicles and higher performance. Current hybrids use regenerative braking technology, which converts the vehicles kinetic energy into electric energy instead of wasting it.