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  4. Shared environment moderates the heritability of temperament in childhood
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Shared environment moderates the heritability of temperament in childhood

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Description

The interplay of genes and environment on children's development is a complex dynamic process. As behavior geneticists begin to model protective as well as risk factors, and interactive as well as main effect influences, development is elucidated. It was hypothesized that positive parenting, a quality home environment, and high family cohesion would moderate the heritability of three components of temperament: Effortful Control, Negative Affectivity, and Extraversion/Surgency. Participants were drawn from the Wisconsin Twin Project and consisted of 1573 twins (51% boys), 88.5% Caucasian, M=7.93 years (SD=0.87). Higher order composites for the parenting and family environment moderators were formed from mother and father reports of Behavior Management Self-Assessment, Child Rearing Practices Report, Family Assessment Device, and Family Conflict Scale. Measures of the home environment (LEOS Living Environment Observation Scale and CHAOS Confusion, Hubbub, and Order Scale) were not composited due to the nature of the variables. Correlational analyses showed a majority of the temperament and environmental measures to be correlated (rs = -.49-.57). For Effortful Control, Negative Affectivity, and Extraversion/Surgency, estimates for the heritability and nonshared environment were 0.60 and 0.40, 0.80 and 0.20, and 0.59 and 0.41, respectively, with no significant main effects of the shared environment. Models incorporating environmental moderation of these estimates yielded parenting as a significant moderator for Negative Affectivity, LEOS for Effortful Control and Extraversion/Surgency, and CHAOS for Effortful Control and Extraversion/Surgency. Results suggest that the quality of the family environment may act as a permissive or determinative influence on the heritability and expression of temperament. Future analyses include the examination of interactive genetic influences. These findings underscore the importance of shared environment, and support the recent literature on the benefits of positive influences on children's development.

Date Created
2011
Contributors
  • Kao, Karen (Author)
  • Bradley, Robert H. (Thesis advisor)
  • Lemery-Chalfant, Kathryn (Thesis advisor)
  • Nagoshi, Craig (Committee member)
  • Arizona State University (Publisher)
Topical Subject
  • psychology
  • Child Development
  • parenting
Resource Type
Text
Genre
Masters Thesis
Academic theses
Extent
vii, 109 p. : ill
Language
eng
Copyright Statement
In Copyright
Reuse Permissions
All Rights Reserved
Primary Member of
ASU Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Peer-reviewed
No
Open Access
No
Handle
https://hdl.handle.net/2286/R.I.9170
Statement of Responsibility
Karen Kao
Description Source
Viewed on June 8, 2012
Level of coding
full
Note
Partial requirement for: M.A., Arizona State University, 2011
Note type
thesis
Includes bibliographical references (p. 52-71)
Note type
bibliography
Field of study: Psychology
System Created
  • 2011-08-12 04:37:40
System Modified
  • 2021-08-30 01:53:11
  •     
  • 1 year 9 months ago
Additional Formats
  • OAI Dublin Core
  • MODS XML

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